An assessment of social welfare programs’ impact on poverty reduction in Nigeria: Evidence from the National Social Investment Program (2000–2020)
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Background of the Study :
Social welfare programs play a vital role in mitigating poverty and promoting social equity. In Nigeria, the National Social Investment Program (NSIP) was designed to reduce poverty through interventions such as conditional cash transfers, skills development, and subsidized access to essential services. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, the NSIP has aimed to empower marginalized communities and improve living standards (Adetola, 2023). The program’s initiatives have helped expand access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. Despite these advances, challenges remain in reaching the most vulnerable populations due to limited coverage and bureaucratic inefficiencies (Femi, 2024). Moreover, the effectiveness of the NSIP in significantly lowering poverty levels has been questioned, with some studies noting an uneven impact across regions. This study critically assesses the NSIP’s role in poverty reduction by comparing policy objectives with actual outcomes and identifying both successes and shortcomings in its implementation. A comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative data is undertaken to determine the overall impact of social welfare interventions on poverty alleviation (Gbadamosi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the ambitious goals of the NSIP, poverty reduction in Nigeria has not reached the expected levels. The program faces significant challenges such as limited reach, inefficient fund allocation, and poor monitoring of outcomes, which have collectively undermined its potential impact. The discrepancy between the intended benefits and the actual outcomes raises questions about the program’s overall effectiveness in addressing poverty. This study aims to identify the core factors limiting the success of the NSIP and to propose strategies for enhancing its efficacy. Bridging the gap between policy design and implementation is essential for achieving more sustainable poverty reduction and improving the welfare of vulnerable communities (Ogunleye, 2023; Ibrahim, 2024).
Objectives of the Study:
1. To assess the impact of the NSIP on poverty reduction in Nigeria.
2. To identify key challenges affecting the program’s effectiveness.
3. To propose policy recommendations for enhancing the reach and impact of social welfare programs.
Research Questions:
1. How effective has the NSIP been in reducing poverty in Nigeria?
2. What are the primary challenges hindering the program’s success?
3. How can social welfare interventions be improved to better alleviate poverty?
Research Hypotheses:
1. H1: The NSIP has significantly reduced poverty levels in Nigeria.
2. H2: Implementation inefficiencies negatively affect the program’s impact.
3. H3: Enhanced program management leads to better poverty alleviation outcomes.
Significance of the Study (100 words):
This study evaluates the effectiveness of social welfare programs, specifically the NSIP, in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The insights derived will aid policymakers and stakeholders in refining welfare interventions and addressing implementation challenges, ultimately promoting a more inclusive and equitable society. The research contributes to evidence-based policymaking that can optimize resource allocation and improve the socio-economic well-being of vulnerable populations (Olayinka, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to assessing the impact of the NSIP on poverty reduction in Nigeria, focusing exclusively on program implementation and poverty indicators.
Definitions of Terms:
1. Social Welfare Programs: Government initiatives designed to provide economic assistance and improve living conditions for vulnerable populations.
2. Poverty Reduction: Efforts aimed at decreasing the incidence and severity of poverty within a society.
3. National Social Investment Program (NSIP): A government program in Nigeria focused on poverty alleviation through targeted social interventions.
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